Days ago, a couple approached me in a bar. As a
talk with strangers in a moment of relaxation and de-stress, our activity was
the first topic of conversation. Casually they also are architects so the
conversation turned from trivial to work, full of the ego that characterizes
the profession and even more the recent graduates who begin to see built their
projects in the city. "The only different home that has been built in that
area, is mine" said proud one, losing my interest immediately and by far,
my admiration.
The buildings of a city are mainly determined
by historical and cultural factors; they are solutions for a natural context
that man must change to make it more comfortable, more functional and
integrated to its inhabitants, supplementing them with the economic, social, religious,
political and environmental reality. The architecture of a city is defined over
time and is an eternal exercise of trial and error for the most iconic elements
to be recognized, emulated and placed as an essential part of its history.
Querétaro |
The balconies, clay tile slabs, vaults, thick adobe
walls and even the voussoirs have a history and a distinctive role in Mexican
architecture. Although their use is not restricted to provide structural and
functional solution specifically for the construction, they born to fulfill a
need and no as merely accidental. The central courtyards, for example, had the
function to provide natural ventilation and lighting to interior spaces,
creating microclimates that were cooler from outside as there was no
possibilities to ventilate outdoors because of the convent security or the lots
disposal in the blocks; and aesthetically, are preferably contemplative spaces
because the novohispanic architecture was preferably for living inside. If we
think of the central courtyards today, do they retain the features that owe
their existence?
Even with the influence of the modern movement,
which destroyed many cities in the world and their architectures, in Mexico we
have preserved much of the built heritage and retained many of the traditional
elements of our constructions, allowing each of our cities maintained the character
and feelings that make them unique and unrepeatable. But we must not forget
what is happening in the rest of the world; we must recognize each type of
architecture and give them the place they deserve.
The trend of "sculptural
architecture" has sown controversial buildings around the world but its
purpose has to do with urban attractions that allow the recovery of highly degraded
areas and position the name of a city globaly and so the architect performing
it. This is the case of the Guggenheim in Bilbao or the National Library of
France, detonators for large urban renewals and as sculptures they have been
able to fulfill their missions, even though functionally the reviews are
strong. If we want to meet this architecture in Mexico, there is no doubt that Avenida
Reforma in Mexico City, the business district of Santa Fe, the Libramiento Sur
in Queretaro, the Via Atlixcayotl in Puebla or the Avenida Lazaro Cardenas in Monterrey
are examples of the commercial, financial and industrial development,
exemplified in alternative steel and glass boxes.
Do we want to Puerto Vallarta become a bad copy
of the international architecture and compete against skylines as Miami or
Vancouver? Do we want to see homes in Los Cabos that stand out for its classic
architecture and openly reactionary to its traditions?
Save our architecture must be everyone task and
especially for those space specialists which professional work should be invested
in recovering our culture and our history instead of searching how to stand out
from others works. We must be worry for a silent architecture, respectful of our
context, aware of the great value that we are as a society and make it known to
the world through soulful work and love for what is ours. We should be more
concerned about returning the adobe to our buildings and not to build them as
fast as we can with prefabricated polyurethane panels, we should care enough to
make urban centers for humans that to do inhuman roads for private vehicles, we
should emphasize more concerned for what we are and not be a cheap copy of
someone else.
JPV